Learn how to use the NUT-participle
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to FinnishPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 22 - Adventures at a Finnish Book Store. Eric here. |
| Päivi: Hei! I'm Päivi. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use the NUT-participle. The conversation takes place in a bookshop. |
| Päivi: It's between Vilja and a man. |
| Eric: The speakers are strangers, so they’ll use both formal and informal Finnish. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Vilja: Tässä on kaunokirjallisuuden osastomme. |
| Mies: Ahaa. Voitko suositella jotakin? |
| Vilja: No, esimerkiksi tämä kirja on juuri tullut valikoimiimme. Tämä menestynyt kirjailija on voittanut useita palkintoja. |
| Mies: Selvä, vaikuttaa mielenkiintoiselta. |
| Vilja: Kokemukseni mukaan myös tämän kirjailijan kirjat ovat hyviä. Moni ansioitunut kriitikko on kirjoittanut hyviä arvioita hänen kirjoistaan. |
| Mies: Aivan, hänestä olenkin kuullut ennen. |
| Vilja: Henkilökohtaisesti pidän myös tästä kirjailijasta, vaikka hän ei olekaan niin tunnettu. |
| Mies: Kiitos, tutustun mielelläni näihin kirjoihin. |
| Vilja: Nämä alennetut kirjat ovat myös laadukkaita. Meillä on niitä vain suuri varasto, joten siksi ne ovat nyt alennuksessa. |
| Mies: Selvä, kiitos paljon avusta! |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Vilja: Here is our fiction department. |
| Man: Aha. Can you recommend something? |
| Vilja: Well, for example, this book has just arrived to our selection. This successful writer has won several awards. |
| Man: Okay, seems interesting. |
| Vilja: In my experience, this author's books are good too. Many distinguished critics have written good reviews of his books. |
| Man: Yes, right, I’ve heard of him before. |
| Vilja: Personally I also like this author, even if he is not that well known. |
| Man: Thank you, I'm happy to get acquainted with these books. |
| Vilja: These discounted books are also of high quality. We just had a lot of them in stock, so that's why they’re on sale now. |
| Man: Okay, thank you very much for your help! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: In the last lesson, we talked about Finnish cinema, Päivi, could you also tell us something about contemporary literature? |
| Päivi: Contemporary Finnish literature is very versatile and lively, as we have a constitution that secures freedom of speech. |
| Eric: What are the most common subjects? |
| Päivi: Finnish literature covers all kinds of topics, but history, philosophy, Finland’s wars and the depopulation of the countryside are some of the most popular subjects. |
| Eric: That sounds really specific and interesting. Who are some of the most popular writers? |
| Päivi: Some of the most popular contemporary writers are Anna-Leena Härkönen, Jari Tervo, Miikka Nousiainen, Sofi Oksanen, Kjell Westö and Ilkka Remes. |
| Eric: Could you tell us more about one of these writers? |
| Päivi: Well, Sofi Oksanen, who we already mentioned in another lesson, has been awarded numerous prizes, including the Finlandia Prize for her work, which she describes as autobiographical and fictional. |
| Eric: She often deals with difficult topics such as eating disorders or panic attacks, and is also known for her books which deal with the history of Estonia, since she’s actually half Estonian. |
| Päivi: She also actively writes columns and articles about human rights issues, sexual equality, and freedom of speech. |
| Eric: Listeners, to learn more about other authors be sure to check the lesson notes. Päivi, what’s the Finnish word for “literary award”? |
| Päivi: kirjallisuuspalkinto |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Päivi: kaunokirjallisuus [natural native speed] |
| Eric: fiction |
| Päivi: kaunokirjallisuus[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: kaunokirjallisuus [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: osasto [natural native speed] |
| Eric: department, section |
| Päivi: osasto[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: osasto [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: valikoima [natural native speed] |
| Eric: selection, range, assortment |
| Päivi: valikoima[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: valikoima [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: menestynyt [natural native speed] |
| Eric: successful |
| Päivi: menestynyt[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: menestynyt [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: voittaa [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to win |
| Päivi: voittaa[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: voittaa [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: mielenkiintoinen [natural native speed] |
| Eric: interesting |
| Päivi: mielenkiintoinen[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: mielenkiintoinen [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: kokemus [natural native speed] |
| Eric: experience |
| Päivi: kokemus[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: kokemus [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: ansioitunut [natural native speed] |
| Eric: distinguished |
| Päivi: ansioitunut [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: ansioitunut [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: henkilökohtainen [natural native speed] |
| Eric: personal |
| Päivi: henkilökohtainen [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: henkilökohtainen [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last.. |
| Päivi: laadukas [natural native speed] |
| Eric: of high quality |
| Päivi: laadukas [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: laadukas [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Päivi: kaunokirjallisuus |
| Eric: meaning "fiction." |
| Päivi: As with many other Finnish words, this is a compound. Kauno refers to something beautiful or "fiction" when it’s in the context of literature. It can also be a name for a person. Kirjallisuus means "literature." |
| Eric: You use this word when talking about fictional literature that can also be classified as art or entertainment. Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Päivi: Sure. For example, you can say.. Kirjahyllyssäni on ainoastaan kaunokirjallisuutta. |
| Eric: ..which means "There is only fiction on my bookshelf." |
| Päivi: When you’re referring to another kind of literature, you should use other words, like tietokirjallisuus, tieteiskirjallisuus, and runous. |
| Eric: Which mean “non-fiction,” “science fiction,” and “poetry” respectively. Okay, what's the next word? |
| Päivi: mielenkiintoinen |
| Eric: meaning "interesting." |
| Päivi: If we look at the composition of this word, made from mieli, "mind," and kiinnostava, "interesting" or kiinnostusta herättävä, "provoking interest," we can say that it refers to something that "provokes interest in the mind." |
| Eric: Let’s have an example using this word |
| Päivi: For example, you can say.. Katsoin juuri mielenkiintoisen dokumentin. |
| Eric: .. which means "I just watched an interesting documentary." |
| Päivi: The opposite of mielenkiintoinen is tylsä, "boring." |
| Eric: Okay, what's the next word? |
| Päivi: henkilökohtainen |
| Eric: meaning "personal." |
| Päivi: henkilö means "a person," while the latter part -kohtainen makes this word an adjective, and gives it the meaning "personal.” |
| Eric: Let’s hear an example using this word. |
| Päivi: You can say.. Tämä kutsu on henkilökohtainen. |
| Eric: .. which means "This invitation is personal." |
| Päivi: When you want to say "private" instead of "personal", you can say yksityinen. |
| Eric: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use the active past participle. |
| Päivi: The “active past participle” is also called aktiivin partisiippi in Finnish, or NUT-partisiippi, “NUT-participle.” |
| Eric: The nut-participle usually expresses either a situation that started in the past and is still relevant or an action that happened already and is over. Can you give us an example for both cases? |
| Päivi: Yes, for a situation that started in the past and is still relevant, we could have something like Väsynyt opiskelija ei jaksa keskittyä. |
| Eric: “A tired student can’t focus.” |
| Päivi: For an action that is already over, we could have Eilen päättynyt festivaali. |
| Eric: “The festival which ended yesterday.” |
| Päivi: Remember that the nut-participle can be conjugated in all of the cases. |
| Eric: How do we form the active past participle? |
| Päivi: The participle ending has separate forms for singular and plural, but otherwise it does not change according to the person. The singular nut-participle is formed by adding the ending, -nut,-nyt, -lut or -lyt to the stem. In plural, the ending is -neet or -leet. |
| Eric: Note that the form is similar to the past perfect and the negative past tense. |
| Päivi: Right, for example, let’s consider opiskella meaning “to study.” In the three forms it can be identical, opiskellut. For example, Hän on opiskellut. |
| Eric: This uses the past perfect and means “She has studied.” |
| Päivi: Hän ei opiskellut. |
| Eric: This is the negative past tense and means “She didn’t study.” |
| Päivi: Historiaa opiskellut nainen. |
| Eric: This is an example of the nut-participle and means “The woman who studied history.” Now let’s move on to the formation of this kind of verb. |
| Päivi: First, note that when the infinite stem ends with a consonant, the -n from the -nut or -neet ending assimilates with the previous consonant. |
| Eric: So that may make things a little more complicated. |
| Päivi: Yes, but once you know it should be easy, for example nousta “to rise” becomes noussut, because the stem is nous- |
| Eric: Ok, now let’s see how to create the nut-participle with verb types 1 and 2. |
| Päivi: It’s relatively simple. Find the infinitive stem and add -nut or -nyt. For example, lukea, “to read,” in the singular form becomes lukenut and lukeneet in the plural form. Another example would be tietää, meaning “to know,” and it becomes tietänyt and tietäneet |
| Eric: Ok, let’s see verb type 3. |
| Päivi: In this case, aside from -nut, and -nyt, we can also have -lut or -lyt. For example ajatella, which means “to think” becomes ajatellut and ajatelleet |
| Eric: Finally let’s look at the remaining verb types, 4, 5 and 6. |
| Päivi: In this case, the suffix can be only -nnut or -nnyt, with double n. For example häiritä, meaning “to disturb,” becomes häirinnyt and häirinneet. |
| Eric: Now let’s give some sample sentences. |
| Päivi: Mielestäni eilen luennoinut professori on innostava. |
| Eric: “In my opinion, the professor who lectured yesterday is inspirational.” |
| Päivi: Tämä dokumentti kertoo avaruuteen menneistä ihmisistä. |
| Eric: “This documentary tells about people who went to space.” |
| Päivi: Nämä välineet valinneet asiakkaat ovat olleet tyytyväisiä. |
| Eric: “The customers who chose these tools have been satisfied.” When was it used in the dialogue of this lesson? |
| Päivi: We heard Tämä menestynyt kirjailija on voittanut useita palkintoja. |
| Eric: which means “This successful writer has won several awards.” |
| Päivi: Moni ansioitunut kriitikko on kirjoittanut hyviä arvioita hänen kirjoistaan. |
| Eric: “Many distinguished critics have written good reviews of his books.” |
| Päivi: It should be noted that in this last sentence ansioitunut, “distinguished” is in the nut-participle, while on kirjoittanut, “has written,” is in the present perfect tense. |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Päivi: Hei hei! |
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