Learn how to master the conditional and conditional present perfect tense
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Hi everyone, and welcome back to FinnishPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 9 - Booking a Dentist Appointment in Finnish. Eric here. |
| Päivi: Hei! I'm Päivi. |
| Eric: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to master the conditional and conditional present perfect tense. The conversation takes place at an office. |
| Päivi: It's between a receptionist and Jukka. |
| Eric: The speakers are strangers, so they’ll use both formal and informal Finnish. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Vastaanottovirkailija: Haloo, Keskustalon Hammaslääkäri. |
| Jukka: Hei, olisin tarvinnut hammaslääkäriltä ajan. Viisaudenhampaani on ollut jo pitkään todella kipeä. |
| Vastaanottovirkailija: Ahaa. Oletteko asioineet meillä aikaisemmin? |
| Jukka: En ole. |
| Vastaanottovirkailija: Selvä. Katsotaanpa... Meillä on yleensä ollut vapaita aikoja iltapäivisin. |
| Jukka: Se sopisi kyllä. Jos pääsisin heti huomenna, olisin kiitollinen. |
| Vastaanottovirkailija: Huomenna on keskiivikko. Se on yleensä ollut todella kiireinen päivä, mutta tarkistan.. |
| Vastaanottovirkailija: No, yksi aika löytyy. Päivän viimeinen aika, kello 17 30 (seitsemäntoista kolmekymmentä). Sopiiko se? |
| Jukka: Kyllä, sopii. Kiitos! |
| Eric: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Receptionist: Hello, Center House Dentists. |
| Jukka: Hello, I would like an appointment with a dentist. My wisdom tooth has been very sore for a long time now. |
| Receptionist: I see. Have you visited us before? |
| Jukka: No, I haven't. |
| Receptionist: Okay. Let's see... we've usually had open appointments in the afternoons. |
| Jukka: That would be fine. If I could come by tomorrow, I would be grateful. |
| Receptionist: Tomorrow is Wednesday. That's usually been a very busy day, but I’ll check... |
| Receptionist: Well, there is one appointment available. It's the last appointment of the day, at 5:30 PM. Would that be ok? |
| Jukka: Yes, perfect. Thank you! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Päivi, could you tell us something about medical services in Finland? |
| Päivi: Health care in Finland is divided into two large groups - public healthcare, and private healthcare. The quality of service is considered to be pretty good. |
| Eric: How is public healthcare organized? |
| Päivi: It’s divided into municipal health centers and regional hospitals, which provide basic healthcare services. University hospitals specialize in certain specific areas. Statutory national health insurance covers all residents of Finland. |
| Eric: So that means that all Finnish people have easy access to medical services? |
| Päivi: That’s right. You could say that the Finns get to know the public healthcare system before they are even born, as the health of unborn babies is checked and monitored in maternity clinics. After being born, the children have regular check-ups and vaccines at the maternity clinics until they enter school. |
| Eric: How about health care during school? |
| Päivi: Health care in schools is also a part of public health care. Kids have access to a school nurse, and they have regular visits to the dentist and a school doctor. Also, universities offer health care for their students. |
| Eric: What about the private sector? Is it necessary at all? |
| Päivi: Yes, because the private sector covers health care in workplaces. Employers must by law offer their employees healthcare, and they usually make a contract with a private healthcare provider. They can also buy the service from the municipal health care provider. |
| Eric: Ok. What’s a useful word related to this topic? |
| Päivi: terveyskeskus |
| Eric: Which means “health center.” Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Päivi: hammaslääkäri [natural native speed] |
| Eric: dentist |
| Päivi: hammaslääkäri[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: hammaslääkäri [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: aika [natural native speed] |
| Eric: appointment, time |
| Päivi: aika[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: aika [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: viisaudenhammas [natural native speed] |
| Eric: wisdom tooth |
| Päivi: viisaudenhammas[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: viisaudenhammas [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: todella [natural native speed] |
| Eric: really, truly |
| Päivi: todella[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: todella [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: asioida [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to visit, to do business |
| Päivi: asioida[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: asioida [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: kiitollinen [natural native speed] |
| Eric: grateful |
| Päivi: kiitollinen[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: kiitollinen [natural native speed] |
| Eric: Next we have.. |
| Päivi: tarkistaa [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to check |
| Päivi: tarkistaa[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: tarkistaa [natural native speed] |
| Eric: And last... |
| Päivi: löytyä [natural native speed] |
| Eric: to be found |
| Päivi: löytyä[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Päivi: löytyä [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Eric: Let's have a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Päivi: hammaslääkäri |
| Eric: meaning "dentist." |
| Päivi: hammas means "tooth," and lääkäri means "doctor." |
| Eric: Literally the word means "tooth doctor." |
| Päivi: There are some other words for doctor that are formed in a similar way. For example, lastenlääkäri is a "pediatrician" and eläinlääkäri is a "vet." |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using the word meaning “dentist”? |
| Päivi: Sure. For example, you can say.. Lapsuuden haaveammattini oli hammaslääkäri. |
| Eric: ..which means "My dream profession as a child was dentist." Okay, what's the next word? |
| Päivi: viisaudenhammas, |
| Eric: meaning "wisdom tooth." |
| Päivi: The word viisaudenhammas is made up of two parts- the genitive case of the noun viisaus, "wisdom," and again the noun hammas meaning "tooth." |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Päivi: Sure. For example, you can say.. Viisaudenhammas tuottaa usein harmia. |
| Eric: .. which means "A wisdom tooth often causes trouble." Okay, what's the next word? |
| Päivi: katsotaanpa |
| Eric: meaning "let's see." |
| Päivi: This expression derives from the verb katsoa meaning "to look." It’s formed by using the passive present indicative form of the verb katsoa meaning "to see," and adding the suffix -pa. |
| Eric: You can use this expression when you casually say "let's see." |
| Päivi: The expression has a slightly old-fashioned tone to it. |
| Eric: Can you give us an example using it? |
| Päivi: Sure. For example, you can say.. Katsotaanpa, mitä täältä löytyy. |
| Eric: .. which means "Let's see, what we can find here." Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn how to master the conditional and conditional present perfect tense. |
| Päivi: As we learned in lessons 1 and 8, the present perfect expresses an action that has happened. |
| Eric: The conditional is used when expressing politeness, possibility, or making suggestions. |
| Päivi: Here’s an example. Jos pääsisin heti huomenna, olisin kiitollinen. |
| Eric: Which means “If I could come by tomorrow, I would be grateful.” How is the conditional formed? |
| Päivi: The positive conditional, or in Finnish myönteinen konditionaali, is formed by taking the strong stem of the verb, so the verb in 3rd person plural, removing the -vat suffix, adding the -isi suffix, and also the correct personal ending. Olla, “to be”, becomes minä olisin in the first singular. |
| Eric: Which translates as “I would have.” |
| Päivi: Here’s a sentence. Olisimme voineet opiskella television katsomisen sijaan. |
| Eric: “We could have studied instead of watching TV.” Ok, now let’s have a look at the negative form. |
| Päivi: The negative conditional, in Finnish kielteinen konditionaali, is formed by conjugating the negative verb ei and adding olisi, which is the positive conditional tense without the personal ending. The first person is minä en olisi. |
| Eric: Which means “I would not have.” |
| Päivi: Here’s a sentence- En olisi ehtinyt junaan, ellet olisi herättänyt minua. |
| Eric: “I would not have made it to the train if you hadn't woken me up.” Let’s see the conditional combined with the present perfect. We use that when we want to express an action that could have happened. |
| Päivi: To form the conditional present perfect, we take the auxiliary verb olla meaning “to be,” and change it into the conditional form with the correct personal suffix. The main verb stays in the -nut/-nyt participle form. |
| Eric: How is the this participle formed? |
| Päivi: The -nut/-nyt suffix is added to the stem of the infinitive. |
| Eric: Could you give us a couple of examples? |
| Päivi: Sure. For example, istua, which is a type 1 verb meaning “to sit,” becomes istunut for the singular and istuneet for the plural. Kävellä, a type 3 verb, becomes kävellyt for the singular and kävelleet for the plural. |
| Eric: In the dialogue, Jukka called the dentist’s office to see if they had any available appointments. |
| Päivi: He used the conditional present perfect when he said that he needed an appointment, Olisin tarvinnut hammaslääkäriltä ajan. |
| Eric: Which literally translates as “I would have needed an appointment with the dentist,” but actually means “I would like an appointment with the dentist.” |
| Päivi: As you can see, the conditional present perfect can be used to politely express requests or desires, for example when you want to politely inquire about or ask for something. |
| Eric: Let’s give a few examples to make the usage of this tense clearer. |
| Päivi: Sure! Here’s an example referring to the past. Olisin juossut, jos olisin tiennyt että bussi on jo lähellä bussipysäkkiä. |
| Eric: “I would have run if I'd known the bus was already close to the bus stop.” |
| Päivi: Here are a couple of examples with polite requests. Olisin tiedustellut, onko teillä vielä lippuja illan konserttiin. |
| Eric: Literally “I would have inquired about whether you still have tickets to the concert tonight,” meaning “I would like to inquire if you still have tickets to the concert tonight.” |
| Päivi: Olisimme tilanneet kolme täytekakkua. |
| Eric: Literally “We would have ordered three cakes,” meaning “I would like to order three cakes.” |
Outro |
| Eric: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Päivi: Hei hei! |
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